Unit+4

Area of Study 1: Industrial Chemistry
===**This area of study focuses on the factors that affect the rate and extent of a chemical reaction. Students study energy profiles and how equilibrium law is applied to homogenous equilibria. They conduct experiments to investigate the effect of temperature, concentration of reagents, pressure and catalysts on the position of equilibrium of a reaction, and apply Le Chatelier's Principle to explain their results.**===

**Students explore how factors affecting rate and equilibrium are applied to achieve the optimum reaction conditions int eh industrial production of sulfuric acid (ethene as a back -up).**
On completion of this unit the student should be able to analyse chemical and energy transformation occurring in chemical reactions J Collision theory and factors that affect the rate of a reaction including activation energy; J Energy profile diagrams and the use of ∆H notation; J Reversible reactions: homogeneous equilibria and the equilibrium law, Le Chatelier’s Principle and factors which affect the position of equilibrium; J pH as a measure of strength of acids and bases; Kw, Ka for weak acids; J Principles of waste management used in the chemical industry; J The industrial production of the selected chemical (**Sulfuric acid**)
 * Outcome 1 **
 * Key Knowledge **
 * Factors affecting the production including rate and equilibrium position, catalysts, temperature, pressure


 * Waste management including generation, treatment and reduction


 * Health and safety


 * Uses of the selected chemical (sulfuric acid)

**Area of Study 2: Supplying and Using Energy**
 * This area of study focuses on use of different energy resources. Students evaluate the extent of the reserves of some of these resources, how each resource is used and the advantages and disadvantages of their continued use. Students conduct experiments using calorimeters to measure the energy of chemical reactions.

The electrochemical series is a useful tool in the prediction of redox reactions in aqueous solution. Students construct and operate simple galvanic and electrolytic cells and use the electrochemical series to predict and explain their results. They extend their study of** **__stoichiometry__** **with the application of Faraday's laws to solve problems involving quantitative calculations for electrolysis reactions.** On completion of this unit the student should be able to analyse chemical and energy transformation occurring in chemical reactions ** Key Knowledge ** J Comparison of energy sources: types, uses and sustainability of sources including brown coal, natural gas, nuclear fission and biochemical fuels; J Application of calorimetry to measure energy changes in chemical reaction in solution calorimetry and bomb calorimetry; J Use of the electrochemical series in predicting the products of redox reactions and writing half equations; J Limitations of predictions made using the electrochemical series; J The construction and operation of simple galvanic primary and secondary cells; J The construction and operation of fuel cells: advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells compared to conventional energy sources; J The construction and operation of simple electrolytic cells: comparison of electrolytic cells; J Application of Faraday’s laws in electrochemistry. =**Class Notes **= =Outcome 1 Industrial Chemistry= =Outcome 2: Supplying and Using Energy= =Unit 4 Worked Solutions= =Unit 4 Exam Solutions=
 * Outcome 2 **